The article provides a theoretical and empirical analysis of the phenomenon of knowledge as a key resource in the process of technological development of enterprises and organizations under the conditions of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Scientific approaches to determining the essence of knowledge, their typology are considered, the interdependence of knowledge with the personal qualities of subjects is fixed. Attention is drawn to the processes of creating, maintaining, transferring knowledge resources in organizations and enterprises, the knowledge management system, including the content of stationary and dynamic solutions for servicing the knowledge base of organizations.